Translation Notice
This is an unofficial English translation prepared for general informational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice. In case of any discrepancy, the official Chinese text published by the competent authority shall prevail.
本文为非官方英文翻译，仅供一般信息参考，不构成法律意见。如与主管机关发布的中文正式文本不一致，以中文正式文本为准。
Unofficial English translation prepared for general informational purposes only.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
Chinese Original
第一条 为了保护个人信息权益，规范个人信息处理活动，促进个人信息合理利用，根据宪法，制定本法。
English Translation
This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution in order to protect rights and interests in personal information, regulate personal information processing activities, and promote the reasonable use of personal information.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 1 states the purpose of the PIPL: protecting personal information rights, regulating processing, and supporting reasonable use.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 2
Chinese Original
第二条 自然人的个人信息受法律保护，任何组织、个人不得侵害自然人的个人信息权益。
English Translation
The personal information of natural persons is protected by law. No organization or individual may infringe upon the rights and interests in personal information of natural persons.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 2 establishes that personal information rights are protected legal interests and may not be infringed.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 3
Chinese Original
第三条 在中华人民共和国境内处理自然人个人信息的活动，适用本法。 在中华人民共和国境外处理中华人民共和国境内自然人个人信息的活动，有下列情形之一的，也适用本法： （一）以向境内自然人提供产品或者服务为目的； （二）分析、评估境内自然人的行为； （三）法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。
English Translation
This Law applies to activities of processing the personal information of natural persons within the territory of the People's Republic of China. This Law also applies to activities conducted outside the territory of the People's Republic of China that process the personal information of natural persons within the territory of the People's Republic of China in any of the following circumstances: (1) the purpose is to provide products or services to natural persons within the territory; (2) the behavior of natural persons within the territory is analyzed or evaluated; or (3) other circumstances provided by laws or administrative regulations.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 3 defines territorial and extraterritorial application. Overseas processing can still fall under the PIPL when it targets or evaluates individuals in China.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 4
Chinese Original
第四条 个人信息是以电子或者其他方式记录的与已识别或者可识别的自然人有关的各种信息，不包括匿名化处理后的信息。 个人信息的处理包括个人信息的收集、存储、使用、加工、传输、提供、公开、删除等。
English Translation
Personal information means all kinds of information recorded electronically or by other means that relates to identified or identifiable natural persons, excluding information after anonymization processing. Processing of personal information includes collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, public disclosure, deletion, and other handling of personal information.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 4 defines personal information and personal information processing. It is the baseline definition for the rest of the law.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 5
Chinese Original
第五条 处理个人信息应当遵循合法、正当、必要和诚信原则，不得通过误导、欺诈、胁迫等方式处理个人信息。
English Translation
Processing personal information shall follow the principles of being lawful, legitimate, necessary, and in good faith, and personal information shall not be processed by misleading, fraudulent, coercive, or other such means.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 5 is part of Chapter I General Provisions. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 6
Chinese Original
第六条 处理个人信息应当具有明确、合理的目的，并应当与处理目的直接相关，采取对个人权益影响最小的方式。 收集个人信息，应当限于实现处理目的的最小范围，不得过度收集个人信息。
English Translation
Processing personal information shall have a clear and reasonable purpose, shall be directly related to the processing purpose, and shall use the method that has the smallest impact on personal rights and interests. The collection of personal information shall be limited to the minimum scope necessary to achieve the processing purpose, and excessive collection of personal information is prohibited.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 6 is part of Chapter I General Provisions. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 7
Chinese Original
第七条 处理个人信息应当遵循公开、透明原则，公开个人信息处理规则，明示处理的目的、方式和范围。
English Translation
Processing personal information shall follow the principles of openness and transparency, disclose the rules for processing personal information, and clearly state the purpose, method, and scope of processing.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 7 is part of Chapter I General Provisions. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 8
Chinese Original
第八条 处理个人信息应当保证个人信息的质量，避免因个人信息不准确、不完整对个人权益造成不利影响。
English Translation
Processing personal information shall ensure the quality of personal information and avoid adverse effects on personal rights and interests caused by inaccurate or incomplete personal information.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 8 is part of Chapter I General Provisions. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 9
Chinese Original
第九条 个人信息处理者应当对其个人信息处理活动负责，并采取必要措施保障所处理的个人信息的安全。
English Translation
A personal information processor shall be responsible for its personal information processing activities and shall take necessary measures to safeguard the security of the personal information it processes.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 9 is part of Chapter I General Provisions. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 10
Chinese Original
第十条 任何组织、个人不得非法收集、使用、加工、传输他人个人信息，不得非法买卖、提供或者公开他人个人信息；不得从事危害国家安全、公共利益的个人信息处理活动。
English Translation
No organization or individual may illegally collect, use, process, or transmit another person's personal information, illegally trade in, provide, or make public disclosure of another person's personal information, or engage in personal information processing activities that endanger national security or the public interest.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 10 is part of Chapter I General Provisions. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 11
Chinese Original
第十一条 国家建立健全个人信息保护制度，预防和惩治侵害个人信息权益的行为，加强个人信息保护宣传教育，推动形成政府、企业、相关社会组织、公众共同参与个人信息保护的良好环境。
English Translation
The State establishes and improves the personal information protection system, prevents and punishes conduct that infringes upon rights and interests in personal information, strengthens publicity and education on personal information protection, and promotes the formation of a sound environment in which the government, enterprises, relevant social organizations, and the public participate together in personal information protection.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 11 is part of Chapter I General Provisions. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 12
Chinese Original
第十二条 国家积极参与个人信息保护国际规则的制定，促进个人信息保护方面的国际交流与合作，推动与其他国家、地区、国际组织之间的个人信息保护规则、标准等互认。
English Translation
The State actively participates in the formulation of international rules on personal information protection, promotes international exchanges and cooperation in personal information protection, and advances mutual recognition of personal information protection rules, standards, and related matters with other countries, regions, and international organizations.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 12 is part of Chapter I General Provisions. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 13
Chinese Original
第十三条 符合下列情形之一的，个人信息处理者方可处理个人信息： （一）取得个人的同意； （二）为订立、履行个人作为一方当事人的合同所必需，或者按照依法制定的劳动规章制度和依法签订的集体合同实施人力资源管理所必需； （三）为履行法定职责或者法定义务所必需； （四）为应对突发公共卫生事件，或者紧急情况下为保护自然人的生命健康和财产安全所必需； （五）为公共利益实施新闻报道、舆论监督等行为，在合理的范围内处理个人信息； （六）依照本法规定在合理的范围内处理个人自行公开或者其他已经合法公开的个人信息； （七）法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。 依照本法其他有关规定，处理个人信息应当取得个人同意，但是有前款第二项至第七项规定情形的，不需取得个人同意。
English Translation
A personal information processor may process personal information only where one of the following circumstances is met: (1) the individual's consent has been obtained; (2) the processing is necessary for concluding or performing a contract to which the individual is a party, or is necessary for human resources management carried out under labor rules formulated in accordance with law and collective contracts concluded in accordance with law; (3) the processing is necessary for performing statutory duties or statutory obligations; (4) the processing is necessary to respond to a public health emergency or, in an emergency, to protect the life, health, or property safety of natural persons; (5) personal information is processed within a reasonable scope for news reporting, public opinion supervision, or similar activities carried out in the public interest; (6) personal information that has been disclosed by the individual or otherwise lawfully disclosed is processed within a reasonable scope in accordance with this Law; or (7) other circumstances provided by laws or administrative regulations. Where other provisions of this Law require individual consent for processing personal information, consent is not required if any of the circumstances in items (2) through (7) of the preceding paragraph applies.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 13 lists the statutory bases for processing personal information. Consent is only one basis; several statutory exceptions do not require consent.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 14
Chinese Original
第十四条 基于个人同意处理个人信息的，该同意应当由个人在充分知情的前提下自愿、明确作出。法律、行政法规规定处理个人信息应当取得个人单独同意或者书面同意的，从其规定。 个人信息的处理目的、处理方式和处理的个人信息种类发生变更的，应当重新取得个人同意。
English Translation
Where personal information is processed on the basis of individual consent, the consent shall be given voluntarily and clearly by the individual on the premise of full knowledge. Where laws or administrative regulations provide that separate consent or written consent shall be obtained for processing personal information, those provisions shall apply. Where the processing purpose, processing method, or categories of personal information processed change, individual consent shall be obtained again.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 14 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 1 General Rules. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 15
Chinese Original
第十五条 基于个人同意处理个人信息的，个人有权撤回其同意。个人信息处理者应当提供便捷的撤回同意的方式。 个人撤回同意，不影响撤回前基于个人同意已进行的个人信息处理活动的效力。
English Translation
Where personal information is processed on the basis of individual consent, the individual has the right to withdraw consent. The personal information processor shall provide a convenient method for withdrawing consent. Withdrawal of consent by an individual does not affect the validity of personal information processing activities already carried out before the withdrawal on the basis of that consent.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 15 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 1 General Rules. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 16
Chinese Original
第十六条 个人信息处理者不得以个人不同意处理其个人信息或者撤回同意为由，拒绝提供产品或者服务；处理个人信息属于提供产品或者服务所必需的除外。
English Translation
A personal information processor shall not refuse to provide products or services on the ground that an individual does not agree to the processing of the individual's personal information or withdraws consent, unless the processing of personal information is necessary for providing the products or services.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 16 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 1 General Rules. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 17
Chinese Original
第十七条 个人信息处理者在处理个人信息前，应当以显著方式、清晰易懂的语言真实、准确、完整地向个人告知下列事项： （一）个人信息处理者的名称或者姓名和联系方式； （二）个人信息的处理目的、处理方式，处理的个人信息种类、保存期限； （三）个人行使本法规定权利的方式和程序； （四）法律、行政法规规定应当告知的其他事项。 前款规定事项发生变更的，应当将变更部分告知个人。 个人信息处理者通过制定个人信息处理规则的方式告知第一款规定事项的，处理规则应当公开，并且便于查阅和保存。
English Translation
Before processing personal information, a personal information processor shall, in a prominent manner and using clear and easy-to-understand language, truthfully, accurately, and completely inform the individual of the following matters: (1) the name or personal name and contact information of the personal information processor; (2) the purpose and method of processing personal information, the categories of personal information processed, and the retention period; (3) the methods and procedures by which the individual may exercise the rights provided by this Law; and (4) other matters that laws or administrative regulations require to be notified. If any of the matters in the preceding paragraph changes, the individual shall be notified of the changed part. Where a personal information processor informs individuals of the matters in the first paragraph by formulating personal information processing rules, the processing rules shall be public and easy to consult and preserve.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 17 is the core notification rule. It requires clear notification before processing, including processor identity, purpose, method, categories, retention period, and rights procedures.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 18
Chinese Original
第十八条 个人信息处理者处理个人信息，有法律、行政法规规定应当保密或者不需要告知的情形的，可以不向个人告知前条第一款规定的事项。 紧急情况下为保护自然人的生命健康和财产安全无法及时向个人告知的，个人信息处理者应当在紧急情况消除后及时告知。
English Translation
Where laws or administrative regulations provide that confidentiality shall be maintained or notification is not required for the processing of personal information, a personal information processor may refrain from notifying the individual of the matters provided in the first paragraph of the preceding article. Where, in an emergency, it is not possible to notify the individual in time in order to protect the life, health, or property safety of natural persons, the personal information processor shall notify the individual promptly after the emergency is eliminated.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 18 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 1 General Rules. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 19
Chinese Original
第十九条 除法律、行政法规另有规定外，个人信息的保存期限应当为实现处理目的所必要的最短时间。
English Translation
Unless laws or administrative regulations provide otherwise, the retention period for personal information shall be the shortest period necessary to achieve the processing purpose.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 19 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 1 General Rules. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 20
Chinese Original
第二十条 两个以上的个人信息处理者共同决定个人信息的处理目的和处理方式的，应当约定各自的权利和义务。但是，该约定不影响个人向其中任何一个个人信息处理者要求行使本法规定的权利。 个人信息处理者共同处理个人信息，侵害个人信息权益造成损害的，应当依法承担连带责任。
English Translation
Where two or more personal information processors jointly decide the purpose and method of processing personal information, they shall agree on their respective rights and obligations. However, such agreement does not affect an individual's right to request any of the personal information processors to exercise the rights provided by this Law. Where personal information processors jointly process personal information and cause damage by infringing upon rights and interests in personal information, they shall bear joint and several liability in accordance with law.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 20 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 1 General Rules. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 21
Chinese Original
第二十一条 个人信息处理者委托处理个人信息的，应当与受托人约定委托处理的目的、期限、处理方式、个人信息的种类、保护措施以及双方的权利和义务等，并对受托人的个人信息处理活动进行监督。 受托人应当按照约定处理个人信息，不得超出约定的处理目的、处理方式等处理个人信息；委托合同不生效、无效、被撤销或者终止的，受托人应当将个人信息返还个人信息处理者或者予以删除，不得保留。 未经个人信息处理者同意，受托人不得转委托他人处理个人信息。
English Translation
Where a personal information processor entrusts the processing of personal information, it shall agree with the entrusted party on matters such as the purpose and period of the entrusted processing, the processing method, the categories of personal information, protection measures, and the rights and obligations of both parties, and shall supervise the personal information processing activities of the entrusted party. The entrusted party shall process personal information as agreed and shall not process personal information beyond the agreed processing purpose or processing method. If the entrustment contract does not take effect, is invalid, is revoked, or is terminated, the entrusted party shall return the personal information to the personal information processor or delete it, and shall not retain it. Without the consent of the personal information processor, the entrusted party shall not sub-entrust another person to process personal information.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 21 governs entrusted processing. The personal information processor remains responsible for supervising the entrusted party.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 22
Chinese Original
第二十二条 个人信息处理者因合并、分立、解散、被宣告破产等原因需要转移个人信息的，应当向个人告知接收方的名称或者姓名和联系方式。接收方应当继续履行个人信息处理者的义务。接收方变更原先的处理目的、处理方式的，应当依照本法规定重新取得个人同意。
English Translation
Where a personal information processor needs to transfer personal information because of merger, division, dissolution, declaration of bankruptcy, or similar reasons, it shall inform individuals of the recipient's name or personal name and contact information. The recipient shall continue to perform the obligations of the personal information processor. If the recipient changes the original processing purpose or processing method, individual consent shall be obtained again in accordance with this Law.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 22 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 1 General Rules. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 23
Chinese Original
第二十三条 个人信息处理者向其他个人信息处理者提供其处理的个人信息的，应当向个人告知接收方的名称或者姓名、联系方式、处理目的、处理方式和个人信息的种类，并取得个人的单独同意。接收方应当在上述处理目的、处理方式和个人信息的种类等范围内处理个人信息。接收方变更原先的处理目的、处理方式的，应当依照本法规定重新取得个人同意。
English Translation
Where a personal information processor provides the personal information it processes to another personal information processor, it shall inform the individual of the recipient's name or personal name, contact information, processing purpose, processing method, and categories of personal information, and shall obtain the individual's separate consent. The recipient shall process personal information within the scope of the processing purpose, processing method, categories of personal information, and other matters stated above. If the recipient changes the original processing purpose or processing method, individual consent shall be obtained again in accordance with this Law.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 23 covers provision of personal information to another personal information processor and requires notification plus separate consent.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 24
Chinese Original
第二十四条 个人信息处理者利用个人信息进行自动化决策，应当保证决策的透明度和结果公平、公正，不得对个人在交易价格等交易条件上实行不合理的差别待遇。 通过自动化决策方式向个人进行信息推送、商业营销，应当同时提供不针对其个人特征的选项，或者向个人提供便捷的拒绝方式。 通过自动化决策方式作出对个人权益有重大影响的决定，个人有权要求个人信息处理者予以说明，并有权拒绝个人信息处理者仅通过自动化决策的方式作出决定。
English Translation
Where a personal information processor uses personal information for automated decision-making, it shall ensure the transparency of the decision-making and the fairness and impartiality of the results, and shall not impose unreasonable differential treatment on individuals in transaction prices or other transaction conditions. Where information push or commercial marketing is conducted to individuals through automated decision-making, an option not targeting the individual's personal characteristics shall also be provided, or a convenient method for refusal shall be provided to the individual. Where a decision made through automated decision-making has a significant impact on an individual's rights and interests, the individual has the right to require the personal information processor to provide an explanation and has the right to refuse a decision made by the personal information processor solely through automated decision-making.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 24 regulates automated decision-making, including transparency, fairness, refusal rights, and limits on unreasonable differential treatment.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 25
Chinese Original
第二十五条 个人信息处理者不得公开其处理的个人信息，取得个人单独同意的除外。
English Translation
A personal information processor shall not make public disclosure of the personal information it processes, except where separate consent has been obtained from the individual.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 25 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 1 General Rules. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 26
Chinese Original
第二十六条 在公共场所安装图像采集、个人身份识别设备，应当为维护公共安全所必需，遵守国家有关规定，并设置显著的提示标识。所收集的个人图像、身份识别信息只能用于维护公共安全的目的，不得用于其他目的；取得个人单独同意的除外。
English Translation
The installation of image collection or personal identity recognition equipment in public places shall be necessary for maintaining public security, shall comply with relevant State provisions, and shall include prominent signs. Collected personal images and identity recognition information may be used only for the purpose of maintaining public security and shall not be used for other purposes, except where separate consent has been obtained from the individual.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 26 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 1 General Rules. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 27
Chinese Original
第二十七条 个人信息处理者可以在合理的范围内处理个人自行公开或者其他已经合法公开的个人信息；个人明确拒绝的除外。个人信息处理者处理已公开的个人信息，对个人权益有重大影响的，应当依照本法规定取得个人同意。
English Translation
A personal information processor may process, within a reasonable scope, personal information that has been disclosed by the individual or otherwise lawfully disclosed, except where the individual has expressly refused. Where a personal information processor processes disclosed personal information and the processing has a significant impact on personal rights and interests, individual consent shall be obtained in accordance with this Law.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 27 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 1 General Rules. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 28
Chinese Original
第二十八条 敏感个人信息是一旦泄露或者非法使用，容易导致自然人的人格尊严受到侵害或者人身、财产安全受到危害的个人信息，包括生物识别、宗教信仰、特定身份、医疗健康、金融账户、行踪轨迹等信息，以及不满十四周岁未成年人的个人信息。 只有在具有特定的目的和充分的必要性，并采取严格保护措施的情形下，个人信息处理者方可处理敏感个人信息。
English Translation
Sensitive personal information means personal information that, once leaked or illegally used, is likely to cause harm to a natural person's dignity or endanger personal or property safety, including biometric identification, religious belief, specific identity, medical and health, financial account, location tracking, and other information, as well as the personal information of minors under the age of fourteen. A personal information processor may process sensitive personal information only where there is a specific purpose and sufficient necessity and strict protection measures are taken.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 28 defines sensitive personal information and requires a specific purpose, sufficient necessity, and strict protection measures before processing.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 29
Chinese Original
第二十九条 处理敏感个人信息应当取得个人的单独同意；法律、行政法规规定处理敏感个人信息应当取得书面同意的，从其规定。
English Translation
Processing sensitive personal information shall require the individual's separate consent. Where laws or administrative regulations provide that written consent shall be obtained for processing sensitive personal information, those provisions shall apply.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 29 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 2 Rules for Processing Sensitive Personal Information. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 30
Chinese Original
第三十条 个人信息处理者处理敏感个人信息的，除本法第十七条第一款规定的事项外，还应当向个人告知处理敏感个人信息的必要性以及对个人权益的影响；依照本法规定可以不向个人告知的除外。
English Translation
Where a personal information processor processes sensitive personal information, in addition to the matters provided in the first paragraph of Article 17 of this Law, it shall also inform the individual of the necessity of processing sensitive personal information and the impact on the individual's rights and interests, except where notification to the individual is not required under this Law.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 30 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 2 Rules for Processing Sensitive Personal Information. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 31
Chinese Original
第三十一条 个人信息处理者处理不满十四周岁未成年人个人信息的，应当取得未成年人的父母或者其他监护人的同意。 个人信息处理者处理不满十四周岁未成年人个人信息的，应当制定专门的个人信息处理规则。
English Translation
Where a personal information processor processes the personal information of a minor under the age of fourteen, it shall obtain consent from the minor's parents or other guardians. Where a personal information processor processes the personal information of a minor under the age of fourteen, it shall formulate special personal information processing rules.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 31 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 2 Rules for Processing Sensitive Personal Information. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 32
Chinese Original
第三十二条 法律、行政法规对处理敏感个人信息规定应当取得相关行政许可或者作出其他限制的，从其规定。
English Translation
Where laws or administrative regulations provide that relevant administrative permission shall be obtained or other restrictions shall apply to the processing of sensitive personal information, those provisions shall apply.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 32 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 2 Rules for Processing Sensitive Personal Information. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 33
Chinese Original
第三十三条 国家机关处理个人信息的活动，适用本法；本节有特别规定的，适用本节规定。
English Translation
This Law applies to the processing of personal information by State organs. Where this section contains special provisions, those provisions apply.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 33 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 3 Special Rules for State Organs Processing Personal Information. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 34
Chinese Original
第三十四条 国家机关为履行法定职责处理个人信息，应当依照法律、行政法规规定的权限、程序进行，不得超出履行法定职责所必需的范围和限度。
English Translation
Where State organs process personal information for the performance of statutory duties, they shall do so according to the authority and procedures provided by laws and administrative regulations, and shall not exceed the scope and limits necessary to perform statutory duties.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 34 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 3 Special Rules for State Organs Processing Personal Information. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 35
Chinese Original
第三十五条 国家机关为履行法定职责处理个人信息，应当依照本法规定履行告知义务；有本法第十八条第一款规定的情形，或者告知将妨碍国家机关履行法定职责的除外。
English Translation
Where State organs process personal information for the performance of statutory duties, they shall perform the notification obligation in accordance with this Law, except where a circumstance provided in the first paragraph of Article 18 of this Law exists, or where notification would impede the State organ's performance of statutory duties.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 35 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 3 Special Rules for State Organs Processing Personal Information. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 36
Chinese Original
第三十六条 国家机关处理的个人信息应当在中华人民共和国境内存储；确需向境外提供的，应当进行安全评估。安全评估可以要求有关部门提供支持与协助。
English Translation
Personal information processed by State organs shall be stored within the territory of the People's Republic of China. Where it is truly necessary to provide such personal information outside the territory, a security assessment shall be conducted. The security assessment may require relevant departments to provide support and assistance.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 36 creates a domestic storage rule for personal information processed by State organs and requires security assessment before overseas provision where necessary.
Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information
Article 37
Chinese Original
第三十七条 法律、法规授权的具有管理公共事务职能的组织为履行法定职责处理个人信息，适用本法关于国家机关处理个人信息的规定。
English Translation
Where organizations authorized by laws or regulations to perform public affairs management functions process personal information for the performance of statutory duties, the provisions of this Law on the processing of personal information by State organs apply.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 37 is part of Chapter II Rules for Processing Personal Information, Section 3 Special Rules for State Organs Processing Personal Information. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter III Rules for Cross-border Provision of Personal Information
Article 38
Chinese Original
第三十八条 个人信息处理者因业务等需要，确需向中华人民共和国境外提供个人信息的，应当具备下列条件之一： （一）依照本法第四十条的规定通过国家网信部门组织的安全评估； （二）按照国家网信部门的规定经专业机构进行个人信息保护认证； （三）按照国家网信部门制定的标准合同与境外接收方订立合同，约定双方的权利和义务； （四）法律、行政法规或者国家网信部门规定的其他条件。 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定对向中华人民共和国境外提供个人信息的条件等有规定的，可以按照其规定执行。 个人信息处理者应当采取必要措施，保障境外接收方处理个人信息的活动达到本法规定的个人信息保护标准。
English Translation
Where a personal information processor truly needs to provide personal information outside the territory of the People's Republic of China for business or other needs, it shall meet one of the following conditions: (1) it has passed the security assessment organized by the national cyberspace administration in accordance with Article 40 of this Law; (2) it has obtained personal information protection certification from a professional institution in accordance with the provisions of the national cyberspace administration; (3) it has concluded a contract with the overseas recipient according to the standard contract formulated by the national cyberspace administration, agreeing on the rights and obligations of both parties; or (4) other conditions provided by laws, administrative regulations, or the national cyberspace administration. Where international treaties or agreements concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China contain provisions on the conditions for providing personal information outside the territory of the People's Republic of China, those provisions may be followed. The personal information processor shall take necessary measures to ensure that the overseas recipient's processing of personal information reaches the personal information protection standards provided by this Law.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 38 is the central cross-border personal information transfer gateway. It links overseas provision to security assessment, certification, standard contracts, or other statutory routes.
Chapter III Rules for Cross-border Provision of Personal Information
Article 39
Chinese Original
第三十九条 个人信息处理者向中华人民共和国境外提供个人信息的，应当向个人告知境外接收方的名称或者姓名、联系方式、处理目的、处理方式、个人信息的种类以及个人向境外接收方行使本法规定权利的方式和程序等事项，并取得个人的单独同意。
English Translation
Where a personal information processor provides personal information outside the territory of the People's Republic of China, it shall inform the individual of matters such as the overseas recipient's name or personal name, contact information, processing purpose, processing method, categories of personal information, and the methods and procedures by which the individual may exercise the rights provided by this Law against the overseas recipient, and shall obtain the individual's separate consent.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 39 adds notification and separate consent requirements when personal information is provided to an overseas recipient.
Chapter III Rules for Cross-border Provision of Personal Information
Article 40
Chinese Original
第四十条 关键信息基础设施运营者和处理个人信息达到国家网信部门规定数量的个人信息处理者，应当将在中华人民共和国境内收集和产生的个人信息存储在境内。确需向境外提供的，应当通过国家网信部门组织的安全评估；法律、行政法规和国家网信部门规定可以不进行安全评估的，从其规定。
English Translation
Critical information infrastructure operators and personal information processors that process personal information in quantities reaching the threshold prescribed by the national cyberspace administration shall store within the territory personal information collected and generated within the territory of the People's Republic of China. Where it is truly necessary to provide such personal information outside the territory, they shall pass the security assessment organized by the national cyberspace administration. Where laws, administrative regulations, or the national cyberspace administration provide that a security assessment is not required, those provisions apply.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 40 imposes domestic storage and security assessment obligations on critical information infrastructure operators and threshold-scale personal information processors.
Chapter III Rules for Cross-border Provision of Personal Information
Article 41
Chinese Original
第四十一条 中华人民共和国主管机关根据有关法律和中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定，或者按照平等互惠原则，处理外国司法或者执法机构关于提供存储于境内个人信息的请求。非经中华人民共和国主管机关批准，个人信息处理者不得向外国司法或者执法机构提供存储于中华人民共和国境内的个人信息。
English Translation
The competent authorities of the People's Republic of China handle requests from foreign judicial or law enforcement authorities to provide personal information stored within the territory in accordance with relevant laws, international treaties or agreements concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China, or the principle of equality and reciprocity. Without approval from the competent authorities of the People's Republic of China, a personal information processor shall not provide personal information stored within the territory of the People's Republic of China to foreign judicial or law enforcement authorities.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 41 is part of Chapter III Rules for Cross-border Provision of Personal Information. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter III Rules for Cross-border Provision of Personal Information
Article 42
Chinese Original
第四十二条 境外的组织、个人从事侵害中华人民共和国公民的个人信息权益，或者危害中华人民共和国国家安全、公共利益的个人信息处理活动的，国家网信部门可以将其列入限制或者禁止个人信息提供清单，予以公告，并采取限制或者禁止向其提供个人信息等措施。
English Translation
Where an overseas organization or individual engages in personal information processing activities that infringe upon the rights and interests in personal information of citizens of the People's Republic of China, or endanger the national security or public interest of the People's Republic of China, the national cyberspace administration may place the organization or individual on a list restricting or prohibiting the provision of personal information, publish the list, and take measures such as restricting or prohibiting the provision of personal information to that organization or individual.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 42 is part of Chapter III Rules for Cross-border Provision of Personal Information. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter III Rules for Cross-border Provision of Personal Information
Article 43
Chinese Original
第四十三条 任何国家或者地区在个人信息保护方面对中华人民共和国采取歧视性的禁止、限制或者其他类似措施的，中华人民共和国可以根据实际情况对该国家或者地区对等采取措施。
English Translation
Where any country or region takes discriminatory prohibitions, restrictions, or other similar measures against the People's Republic of China in the field of personal information protection, the People's Republic of China may take reciprocal measures against that country or region according to the actual circumstances.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 43 is part of Chapter III Rules for Cross-border Provision of Personal Information. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter IV Rights of Individuals in Personal Information Processing Activities
Article 44
Chinese Original
第四十四条 个人对其个人信息的处理享有知情权、决定权，有权限制或者拒绝他人对其个人信息进行处理；法律、行政法规另有规定的除外。
English Translation
Individuals have the right to know and the right to decide with respect to the processing of their personal information, and have the right to restrict or refuse the processing of their personal information by others, unless laws or administrative regulations provide otherwise.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 44 is part of Chapter IV Rights of Individuals in Personal Information Processing Activities. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter IV Rights of Individuals in Personal Information Processing Activities
Article 45
Chinese Original
第四十五条 个人有权向个人信息处理者查阅、复制其个人信息；有本法第十八条第一款、第三十五条规定情形的除外。 个人请求查阅、复制其个人信息的，个人信息处理者应当及时提供。 个人请求将个人信息转移至其指定的个人信息处理者，符合国家网信部门规定条件的，个人信息处理者应当提供转移的途径。
English Translation
Individuals have the right to access and copy their personal information from a personal information processor, except in the circumstances provided in the first paragraph of Article 18 and Article 35 of this Law. Where an individual requests access to or a copy of personal information, the personal information processor shall provide it in a timely manner. Where an individual requests that personal information be transferred to a personal information processor designated by the individual, and the conditions prescribed by the national cyberspace administration are met, the personal information processor shall provide a transfer channel.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 45 gives individuals access, copy, and qualified portability rights over their personal information.
Chapter IV Rights of Individuals in Personal Information Processing Activities
Article 46
Chinese Original
第四十六条 个人发现其个人信息不准确或者不完整的，有权请求个人信息处理者更正、补充。 个人请求更正、补充其个人信息的，个人信息处理者应当对其个人信息予以核实，并及时更正、补充。
English Translation
Where an individual discovers that the individual's personal information is inaccurate or incomplete, the individual has the right to request that the personal information processor correct or supplement it. Where an individual requests correction or supplementation of personal information, the personal information processor shall verify the personal information and correct or supplement it in a timely manner.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 46 is part of Chapter IV Rights of Individuals in Personal Information Processing Activities. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter IV Rights of Individuals in Personal Information Processing Activities
Article 47
Chinese Original
第四十七条 有下列情形之一的，个人信息处理者应当主动删除个人信息；个人信息处理者未删除的，个人有权请求删除： （一）处理目的已实现、无法实现或者为实现处理目的不再必要； （二）个人信息处理者停止提供产品或者服务，或者保存期限已届满； （三）个人撤回同意； （四）个人信息处理者违反法律、行政法规或者违反约定处理个人信息； （五）法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。 法律、行政法规规定的保存期限未届满，或者删除个人信息从技术上难以实现的，个人信息处理者应当停止除存储和采取必要的安全保护措施之外的处理。
English Translation
In any of the following circumstances, a personal information processor shall proactively delete personal information; if the personal information processor has not deleted it, the individual has the right to request deletion: (1) the processing purpose has been achieved, cannot be achieved, or the processing is no longer necessary to achieve the processing purpose; (2) the personal information processor stops providing products or services, or the retention period has expired; (3) the individual withdraws consent; (4) the personal information processor processes personal information in violation of laws, administrative regulations, or an agreement; or (5) other circumstances provided by laws or administrative regulations. Where the retention period provided by laws or administrative regulations has not expired, or deletion of personal information is technically difficult to achieve, the personal information processor shall stop processing other than storage and the taking of necessary security protection measures.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 47 establishes deletion rights and mandatory deletion scenarios, while recognizing limited storage-only processing when deletion is technically difficult or retention periods continue.
Chapter IV Rights of Individuals in Personal Information Processing Activities
Article 48
Chinese Original
第四十八条 个人有权要求个人信息处理者对其个人信息处理规则进行解释说明。
English Translation
Individuals have the right to require a personal information processor to explain its personal information processing rules.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 48 is part of Chapter IV Rights of Individuals in Personal Information Processing Activities. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter IV Rights of Individuals in Personal Information Processing Activities
Article 49
Chinese Original
第四十九条 自然人死亡的，其近亲属为了自身的合法、正当利益，可以对死者的相关个人信息行使本章规定的查阅、复制、更正、删除等权利；死者生前另有安排的除外。
English Translation
Where a natural person has died, the deceased person's close relatives may, for their own lawful and legitimate interests, exercise the rights of access, copying, correction, deletion, and other rights provided in this chapter with respect to the deceased person's relevant personal information, unless the deceased person made other arrangements before death.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 49 is part of Chapter IV Rights of Individuals in Personal Information Processing Activities. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter IV Rights of Individuals in Personal Information Processing Activities
Article 50
Chinese Original
第五十条 个人信息处理者应当建立便捷的个人行使权利的申请受理和处理机制。拒绝个人行使权利的请求的，应当说明理由。 个人信息处理者拒绝个人行使权利的请求的，个人可以依法向人民法院提起诉讼。
English Translation
A personal information processor shall establish a convenient mechanism for accepting and handling applications by individuals to exercise their rights. Where it refuses an individual's request to exercise rights, it shall state the reasons. Where a personal information processor refuses an individual's request to exercise rights, the individual may bring a lawsuit before a people's court in accordance with law.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 50 is part of Chapter IV Rights of Individuals in Personal Information Processing Activities. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors
Article 51
Chinese Original
第五十一条 个人信息处理者应当根据个人信息的处理目的、处理方式、个人信息的种类以及对个人权益的影响、可能存在的安全风险等，采取下列措施确保个人信息处理活动符合法律、行政法规的规定，并防止未经授权的访问以及个人信息泄露、篡改、丢失： （一）制定内部管理制度和操作规程； （二）对个人信息实行分类管理； （三）采取相应的加密、去标识化等安全技术措施； （四）合理确定个人信息处理的操作权限，并定期对从业人员进行安全教育和培训； （五）制定并组织实施个人信息安全事件应急预案； （六）法律、行政法规规定的其他措施。
English Translation
A personal information processor shall, according to the processing purpose and method, the categories of personal information, the impact on personal rights and interests, and possible security risks, take the following measures to ensure that personal information processing activities comply with laws and administrative regulations and to prevent unauthorized access, leakage, tampering, or loss of personal information: (1) formulate internal management systems and operating procedures; (2) implement classified management of personal information; (3) adopt corresponding security technical measures such as encryption and de-identification; (4) reasonably determine operating authority for personal information processing and regularly provide security education and training to personnel; (5) formulate and organize the implementation of emergency plans for personal information security incidents; and (6) other measures provided by laws and administrative regulations.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 51 is the baseline security obligation for personal information processors, including internal rules, classification, encryption, de-identification, access control, training, and incident response.
Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors
Article 52
Chinese Original
第五十二条 处理个人信息达到国家网信部门规定数量的个人信息处理者应当指定个人信息保护负责人，负责对个人信息处理活动以及采取的保护措施等进行监督。 个人信息处理者应当公开个人信息保护负责人的联系方式，并将个人信息保护负责人的姓名、联系方式等报送履行个人信息保护职责的部门。
English Translation
A personal information processor that processes personal information in quantities reaching the threshold prescribed by the national cyberspace administration shall designate a person in charge of personal information protection to supervise personal information processing activities and the protection measures taken. The personal information processor shall make public the contact information of the person in charge of personal information protection, and submit the name, contact information, and other details of the person in charge of personal information protection to the departments performing personal information protection duties.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 52 is part of Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors
Article 53
Chinese Original
第五十三条 本法第三条第二款规定的中华人民共和国境外的个人信息处理者，应当在中华人民共和国境内设立专门机构或者指定代表，负责处理个人信息保护相关事务，并将有关机构的名称或者代表的姓名、联系方式等报送履行个人信息保护职责的部门。
English Translation
A personal information processor outside the territory of the People's Republic of China as provided in the second paragraph of Article 3 of this Law shall establish a dedicated institution or designate a representative within the territory of the People's Republic of China to be responsible for handling matters related to personal information protection, and shall submit the name of the relevant institution or the personal name and contact information of the representative to the departments performing personal information protection duties.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 53 is part of Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors
Article 54
Chinese Original
第五十四条 个人信息处理者应当定期对其处理个人信息遵守法律、行政法规的情况进行合规审计。
English Translation
A personal information processor shall regularly conduct compliance audits of its compliance with laws and administrative regulations in processing personal information.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 54 is part of Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors
Article 55
Chinese Original
第五十五条 有下列情形之一的，个人信息处理者应当事前进行个人信息保护影响评估，并对处理情况进行记录： （一）处理敏感个人信息； （二）利用个人信息进行自动化决策； （三）委托处理个人信息、向其他个人信息处理者提供个人信息、公开个人信息； （四）向境外提供个人信息； （五）其他对个人权益有重大影响的个人信息处理活动。
English Translation
In any of the following circumstances, a personal information processor shall conduct a personal information protection impact assessment in advance and record the processing: (1) processing sensitive personal information; (2) using personal information for automated decision-making; (3) entrusting the processing of personal information, providing personal information to another personal information processor, or publicly disclosing personal information; (4) providing personal information outside the territory; or (5) other personal information processing activities that have a significant impact on personal rights and interests.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 55 specifies when a personal information protection impact assessment must be conducted before processing.
Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors
Article 56
Chinese Original
第五十六条 个人信息保护影响评估应当包括下列内容： （一）个人信息的处理目的、处理方式等是否合法、正当、必要； （二）对个人权益的影响及安全风险； （三）所采取的保护措施是否合法、有效并与风险程度相适应。 个人信息保护影响评估报告和处理情况记录应当至少保存三年。
English Translation
A personal information protection impact assessment shall include the following contents: (1) whether the purpose and method of processing personal information are lawful, legitimate, and necessary; (2) the impact on personal rights and interests and the security risks; and (3) whether the protection measures taken are lawful, effective, and appropriate to the level of risk. Personal information protection impact assessment reports and processing records shall be retained for at least three years.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 56 is part of Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors
Article 57
Chinese Original
第五十七条 发生或者可能发生个人信息泄露、篡改、丢失的，个人信息处理者应当立即采取补救措施，并通知履行个人信息保护职责的部门和个人。通知应当包括下列事项： （一）发生或者可能发生个人信息泄露、篡改、丢失的信息种类、原因和可能造成的危害； （二）个人信息处理者采取的补救措施和个人可以采取的减轻危害的措施； （三）个人信息处理者的联系方式。 个人信息处理者采取措施能够有效避免信息泄露、篡改、丢失造成危害的，个人信息处理者可以不通知个人；履行个人信息保护职责的部门认为可能造成危害的，有权要求个人信息处理者通知个人。
English Translation
Where leakage, tampering, or loss of personal information occurs or may occur, a personal information processor shall immediately take remedial measures and notify the departments performing personal information protection duties and the individuals. The notification shall include the following matters: (1) the categories of information that has been or may be leaked, tampered with, or lost, the reasons, and the possible harm; (2) remedial measures taken by the personal information processor and measures that individuals may take to mitigate harm; and (3) the contact information of the personal information processor. Where measures taken by the personal information processor can effectively avoid harm caused by leakage, tampering, or loss of information, the personal information processor may refrain from notifying individuals. If a department performing personal information protection duties considers that harm may be caused, it has the right to require the personal information processor to notify individuals.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 57 is the personal information incident response rule, including remedial measures and notification to regulators and affected individuals.
Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors
Article 58
Chinese Original
第五十八条 提供重要互联网平台服务、用户数量巨大、业务类型复杂的个人信息处理者，应当履行下列义务： （一）按照国家规定建立健全个人信息保护合规制度体系，成立主要由外部成员组成的独立机构对个人信息保护情况进行监督； （二）遵循公开、公平、公正的原则，制定平台规则，明确平台内产品或者服务提供者处理个人信息的规范和保护个人信息的义务； （三）对严重违反法律、行政法规处理个人信息的平台内的产品或者服务提供者，停止提供服务； （四）定期发布个人信息保护社会责任报告，接受社会监督。
English Translation
A personal information processor that provides important internet platform services, has a very large number of users, and has complex business types shall perform the following obligations: (1) establish and improve a personal information protection compliance system in accordance with State provisions, and establish an independent body composed mainly of external members to supervise personal information protection; (2) formulate platform rules according to the principles of openness, fairness, and impartiality, and specify the norms for processing personal information and the obligations to protect personal information for product or service providers within the platform; (3) stop providing services to product or service providers within the platform that seriously violate laws or administrative regulations in processing personal information; and (4) regularly publish social responsibility reports on personal information protection and accept public supervision.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 58 imposes heightened governance obligations on very large and complex internet platform personal information processors.
Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors
Article 59
Chinese Original
第五十九条 接受委托处理个人信息的受托人，应当依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，采取必要措施保障所处理的个人信息的安全，并协助个人信息处理者履行本法规定的义务。
English Translation
An entrusted party that accepts an entrustment to process personal information shall, in accordance with this Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations, take necessary measures to safeguard the security of the personal information processed and assist the personal information processor in performing the obligations provided by this Law.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 59 is part of Chapter V Obligations of Personal Information Processors. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter VI Departments Performing Personal Information Protection Duties
Article 60
Chinese Original
第六十条 国家网信部门负责统筹协调个人信息保护工作和相关监督管理工作。国务院有关部门依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，在各自职责范围内负责个人信息保护和监督管理工作。 县级以上地方人民政府有关部门的个人信息保护和监督管理职责，按照国家有关规定确定。 前两款规定的部门统称为履行个人信息保护职责的部门。
English Translation
The national cyberspace administration is responsible for overall planning and coordination of personal information protection work and related supervision and administration. Relevant departments of the State Council are responsible for personal information protection, supervision, and administration within their respective scope of duties in accordance with this Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations. The personal information protection, supervision, and administration duties of relevant departments of local people's governments at or above the county level shall be determined in accordance with relevant State provisions. The departments provided in the preceding two paragraphs are collectively referred to as departments performing personal information protection duties.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 60 is part of Chapter VI Departments Performing Personal Information Protection Duties. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter VI Departments Performing Personal Information Protection Duties
Article 61
Chinese Original
第六十一条 履行个人信息保护职责的部门履行下列个人信息保护职责： （一）开展个人信息保护宣传教育，指导、监督个人信息处理者开展个人信息保护工作； （二）接受、处理与个人信息保护有关的投诉、举报； （三）组织对应用程序等个人信息保护情况进行测评，并公布测评结果； （四）调查、处理违法个人信息处理活动； （五）法律、行政法规规定的其他职责。
English Translation
Departments performing personal information protection duties perform the following personal information protection duties: (1) carry out publicity and education on personal information protection and guide and supervise personal information processors in carrying out personal information protection work; (2) accept and handle complaints and reports related to personal information protection; (3) organize assessments of the personal information protection status of applications and the like, and publish assessment results; (4) investigate and handle unlawful personal information processing activities; and (5) other duties provided by laws and administrative regulations.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 61 is part of Chapter VI Departments Performing Personal Information Protection Duties. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter VI Departments Performing Personal Information Protection Duties
Article 62
Chinese Original
第六十二条 国家网信部门统筹协调有关部门依据本法推进下列个人信息保护工作： （一）制定个人信息保护具体规则、标准； （二）针对小型个人信息处理者、处理敏感个人信息以及人脸识别、人工智能等新技术、新应用，制定专门的个人信息保护规则、标准； （三）支持研究开发和推广应用安全、方便的电子身份认证技术，推进网络身份认证公共服务建设； （四）推进个人信息保护社会化服务体系建设，支持有关机构开展个人信息保护评估、认证服务； （五）完善个人信息保护投诉、举报工作机制。
English Translation
The national cyberspace administration shall coordinate relevant departments to advance the following personal information protection work under this Law: (1) formulate specific rules and standards for personal information protection; (2) formulate special personal information protection rules and standards for small personal information processors, processing of sensitive personal information, face recognition, artificial intelligence, and other new technologies and applications; (3) support the research, development, promotion, and application of secure and convenient electronic identity authentication technologies, and advance the construction of public services for online identity authentication; (4) advance the construction of a socialized service system for personal information protection, and support relevant institutions in carrying out personal information protection assessment and certification services; and (5) improve the working mechanisms for personal information protection complaints and reports.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 62 is part of Chapter VI Departments Performing Personal Information Protection Duties. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter VI Departments Performing Personal Information Protection Duties
Article 63
Chinese Original
第六十三条 履行个人信息保护职责的部门履行个人信息保护职责，可以采取下列措施： （一）询问有关当事人，调查与个人信息处理活动有关的情况； （二）查阅、复制当事人与个人信息处理活动有关的合同、记录、账簿以及其他有关资料； （三）实施现场检查，对涉嫌违法的个人信息处理活动进行调查； （四）检查与个人信息处理活动有关的设备、物品；对有证据证明是用于违法个人信息处理活动的设备、物品，向本部门主要负责人书面报告并经批准，可以查封或者扣押。 履行个人信息保护职责的部门依法履行职责，当事人应当予以协助、配合，不得拒绝、阻挠。
English Translation
Departments performing personal information protection duties may take the following measures when performing personal information protection duties: (1) question relevant parties and investigate circumstances related to personal information processing activities; (2) consult and copy contracts, records, account books, and other relevant materials of the parties related to personal information processing activities; (3) conduct on-site inspections and investigate suspected unlawful personal information processing activities; and (4) inspect equipment and items related to personal information processing activities, and where there is evidence that equipment or items are used for unlawful personal information processing activities, report in writing to the principal person in charge of the department and, upon approval, seal or seize them. When departments performing personal information protection duties perform duties in accordance with law, parties shall provide assistance and cooperation and shall not refuse or obstruct them.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 63 is part of Chapter VI Departments Performing Personal Information Protection Duties. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter VI Departments Performing Personal Information Protection Duties
Article 64
Chinese Original
第六十四条 履行个人信息保护职责的部门在履行职责中，发现个人信息处理活动存在较大风险或者发生个人信息安全事件的，可以按照规定的权限和程序对该个人信息处理者的法定代表人或者主要负责人进行约谈，或者要求个人信息处理者委托专业机构对其个人信息处理活动进行合规审计。个人信息处理者应当按照要求采取措施，进行整改，消除隐患。 履行个人信息保护职责的部门在履行职责中，发现违法处理个人信息涉嫌犯罪的，应当及时移送公安机关依法处理。
English Translation
Where a department performing personal information protection duties discovers, in performing its duties, that personal information processing activities present relatively large risks or that a personal information security incident has occurred, it may, according to the prescribed authority and procedures, conduct an interview with the legal representative or principal person in charge of the personal information processor, or require the personal information processor to entrust a professional institution to conduct a compliance audit of its personal information processing activities. The personal information processor shall take measures as required, make rectification, and eliminate hidden risks. Where a department performing personal information protection duties discovers, in performing its duties, that unlawful processing of personal information is suspected of constituting a crime, it shall promptly transfer the matter to the public security organ for handling in accordance with law.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 64 is part of Chapter VI Departments Performing Personal Information Protection Duties. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter VI Departments Performing Personal Information Protection Duties
Article 65
Chinese Original
第六十五条 任何组织、个人有权对违法个人信息处理活动向履行个人信息保护职责的部门进行投诉、举报。收到投诉、举报的部门应当依法及时处理，并将处理结果告知投诉、举报人。 履行个人信息保护职责的部门应当公布接受投诉、举报的联系方式。
English Translation
Any organization or individual has the right to complain or report unlawful personal information processing activities to departments performing personal information protection duties. The department receiving the complaint or report shall handle it in a timely manner in accordance with law and inform the complainant or reporter of the handling result. Departments performing personal information protection duties shall publish the contact information for accepting complaints and reports.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 65 is part of Chapter VI Departments Performing Personal Information Protection Duties. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter VII Legal Liability
Article 66
Chinese Original
第六十六条 违反本法规定处理个人信息，或者处理个人信息未履行本法规定的个人信息保护义务的，由履行个人信息保护职责的部门责令改正，给予警告，没收违法所得，对违法处理个人信息的应用程序，责令暂停或者终止提供服务；拒不改正的，并处一百万元以下罚款；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。 有前款规定的违法行为，情节严重的，由省级以上履行个人信息保护职责的部门责令改正，没收违法所得，并处五千万元以下或者上一年度营业额百分之五以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务或者停业整顿、通报有关主管部门吊销相关业务许可或者吊销营业执照；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，并可以决定禁止其在一定期限内担任相关企业的董事、监事、高级管理人员和个人信息保护负责人。
English Translation
Where personal information is processed in violation of this Law, or where the personal information protection obligations provided by this Law are not performed in processing personal information, the departments performing personal information protection duties shall order correction, issue a warning, confiscate unlawful gains, and order applications that unlawfully process personal information to suspend or terminate the provision of services. If correction is refused, a fine of not more than RMB 1,000,000 shall also be imposed; the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined not less than RMB 10,000 and not more than RMB 100,000. Where the unlawful conduct provided in the preceding paragraph is serious, the departments performing personal information protection duties at or above the provincial level shall order correction, confiscate unlawful gains, and impose a fine of not more than RMB 50,000,000 or not more than five percent of the preceding year's turnover. They may also order suspension of relevant business or suspension of business for rectification, notify relevant competent departments to revoke relevant business permits or revoke the business license, and impose a fine of not less than RMB 100,000 and not more than RMB 1,000,000 on the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel. They may also decide to prohibit such persons from serving as directors, supervisors, senior managers, or persons in charge of personal information protection of relevant enterprises for a certain period.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 66 sets the main administrative penalty framework, including high fines for serious violations.
Chapter VII Legal Liability
Article 67
Chinese Original
第六十七条 有本法规定的违法行为的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定记入信用档案，并予以公示。
English Translation
Where unlawful conduct provided by this Law occurs, it shall be recorded in the credit file and publicized in accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 67 is part of Chapter VII Legal Liability. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter VII Legal Liability
Article 68
Chinese Original
第六十八条 国家机关不履行本法规定的个人信息保护义务的，由其上级机关或者履行个人信息保护职责的部门责令改正；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。 履行个人信息保护职责的部门的工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊，尚不构成犯罪的，依法给予处分。
English Translation
Where a State organ fails to perform the personal information protection obligations provided by this Law, its superior organ or a department performing personal information protection duties shall order correction, and the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given sanctions in accordance with law. Where a staff member of a department performing personal information protection duties neglects duty, abuses power, or engages in malpractice for personal gain, but the conduct does not constitute a crime, sanctions shall be imposed in accordance with law.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 68 is part of Chapter VII Legal Liability. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter VII Legal Liability
Article 69
Chinese Original
第六十九条 处理个人信息侵害个人信息权益造成损害，个人信息处理者不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担损害赔偿等侵权责任。 前款规定的损害赔偿责任按照个人因此受到的损失或者个人信息处理者因此获得的利益确定；个人因此受到的损失和个人信息处理者因此获得的利益难以确定的，根据实际情况确定赔偿数额。
English Translation
Where processing personal information infringes upon rights and interests in personal information and causes damage, and the personal information processor cannot prove that it is not at fault, the personal information processor shall bear tort liability such as liability for damages. The liability for damages provided in the preceding paragraph shall be determined according to the loss suffered by the individual or the benefit obtained by the personal information processor as a result. Where it is difficult to determine the loss suffered by the individual or the benefit obtained by the personal information processor, the amount of damages shall be determined according to the actual circumstances.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 69 is part of Chapter VII Legal Liability. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter VII Legal Liability
Article 70
Chinese Original
第七十条 个人信息处理者违反本法规定处理个人信息，侵害众多个人的权益的，人民检察院、法律规定的消费者组织和由国家网信部门确定的组织可以依法向人民法院提起诉讼。
English Translation
Where a personal information processor processes personal information in violation of this Law and infringes upon the rights and interests of numerous individuals, the people's procuratorate, consumer organizations prescribed by law, and organizations determined by the national cyberspace administration may bring a lawsuit before a people's court in accordance with law.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 70 is part of Chapter VII Legal Liability. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter VII Legal Liability
Article 71
Chinese Original
第七十一条 违反本法规定，构成违反治安管理行为的，依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
English Translation
Where violation of this Law constitutes a violation of public security administration, public security administration punishment shall be imposed in accordance with law. Where it constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with law.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 71 is part of Chapter VII Legal Liability. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 72
Chinese Original
第七十二条 自然人因个人或者家庭事务处理个人信息的，不适用本法。 法律对各级人民政府及其有关部门组织实施的统计、档案管理活动中的个人信息处理有规定的，适用其规定。
English Translation
This Law does not apply where a natural person processes personal information for personal or household affairs. Where laws contain provisions on personal information processing in statistical or archival management activities organized and carried out by people's governments at all levels and their relevant departments, those provisions apply.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 72 is part of Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 73
Chinese Original
第七十三条 本法下列用语的含义： （一）个人信息处理者，是指在个人信息处理活动中自主决定处理目的、处理方式的组织、个人。 （二）自动化决策，是指通过计算机程序自动分析、评估个人的行为习惯、兴趣爱好或者经济、健康、信用状况等，并进行决策的活动。 （三）去标识化，是指个人信息经过处理，使其在不借助额外信息的情况下无法识别特定自然人的过程。 （四）匿名化，是指个人信息经过处理无法识别特定自然人且不能复原的过程。
English Translation
For purposes of this Law, the following terms have these meanings: (1) Personal information processor means an organization or individual that independently determines the processing purpose and processing method in personal information processing activities. (2) Automated decision-making means activities that automatically analyze or evaluate an individual's behavior habits, interests and hobbies, or economic, health, credit, or other status through computer programs and make decisions. (3) De-identification means the process by which personal information is processed so that a specific natural person cannot be identified without the aid of additional information. (4) Anonymization means the process by which personal information is processed so that a specific natural person cannot be identified and the process cannot be reversed.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 73 contains statutory definitions that control how key PIPL concepts are read.
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 74
Chinese Original
第七十四条 本法自2021年11月1日起施行。
English Translation
This Law comes into force on November 1, 2021.
Plain English Note
Site explanation only. Not part of the translation.
Article 74 is part of Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions. It should be read together with the official Chinese text, the source reference, and the related PIPL provisions.